✅ 1. Hydroquinone

• Gold-standard skin lightener

• Blocks melanin production by inhibiting tyrosinase

• Often used short-term (2–4%) under medical supervision

✅ 2. Triple Combination Cream

• Hydroquinone + Tretinoin + Corticosteroid (e.g., Tri-Luma)

• Targets pigment, boosts cell turnover, and reduces inflammation

• Very effective for moderate to severe melasma

✅ 3. Retinoids (e.g., Tretinoin, Adapalene)

• Increase skin cell turnover and fade pigmentation

• Help other ingredients penetrate deeper

• May cause initial dryness or irritation

✅ 4. Azelaic Acid

• Lightens dark patches and reduces inflammation

• Safe in pregnancy and for long-term use

• Great for sensitive skin

✅ 5. Tranexamic Acid (Topical)

• Blocks pathways that trigger melanin overproduction

• Effective for hormonally driven or stubborn melasma

• Can be used alone or with other lighteners

✅ 6. Kojic Acid

• Natural tyrosinase inhibitor

• Often found in combination products

• Helps brighten skin over time

✅ 7. Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)

• Reduces melanin transfer and inflammation

• Improves skin barrier and brightens tone

• Excellent for maintenance

 

The most effective way to treat melasma is through a combination of topical therapies and laser or light-based treatments for enhanced pigment control and long-term results.

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